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Exam Code: AMPP-PCS
Exam Name: AMPP Protective Coatings Specialist
Number of Questions: Approximately 150 multiple-choice questions.
Time Allotted: 4 hours (240 minutes).
Passing Score: 70% (This is a scaled score, meaning it is statistically adjusted and is not a simple 70% of the questions correct).
Exam Format: Computer-Based Test (CBT) at approved Pearson VUE testing centers worldwide.
Question Type: Multiple-choice
Language: English.

Domain 1: Coating Condition Assessment
Domain 2: Cost and Life Cycle of Coating Projects
Domain 3: Project Management
Domain 4: Coating Selection
Domain 5: Corrosion
Domain 6: Surface Preparation/Application
Domain 7: Health, Safety, and Environment
Domain 8: Inspection
Domain 9: Specification
Domain 10: Failure Analysis

Domain 1: Coating Condition Assessment
- Assessment Methodologies: Visual exam, tactile exam, use of test tools (e.g., adhesion testers, holiday detectors, dew point meters, digital thermometers, surface profile comparators).
- Defect Identification: Recognizing and categorizing coating failures (e.g., blistering, rusting, cracking, delamination, chalking, fading, mud cracking).
- Remaining Service Life Forecasting: Using test data to predict when a coating will no longer be effective and require repair or replacement.
- Data Collection and Documentation: Systematic recording of findings (photos, notes, sketches) to create a comprehensive condition report.
- ASTM Standards: Understanding standards like ASTM D610 (Rust Grade), ASTM D714 (Blistering), ASTM D3359 (Adhesion), and ASTM D3276 (Gloss).

- Adhesion Failure
- Cohesive Failure
- Rust Grade
- Blister Size/Density
- Chalking Rating
- Dry Film Thickness (DFT)
- Holiday/Pinhole
- ICRI Concrete Surface Profile (CSP)
- ISO 4628 (Evaluation of degradation of coatings)
- Substrate Condition

Domain 2: Cost and Life Cycle of Coating Projects
- Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA): Calculating the total cost of ownership, including initial cost, maintenance, repainting cycles, and downtime.
- Cost Estimating: Developing detailed cost estimates for surface preparation, materials, labor, equipment, containment, and waste disposal.
- Return on Investment (ROI): Justifying coating selection based on performance and longevity vs. initial cost.
- Value Engineering: Finding the most cost-effective solution that meets the performance requirements without sacrificing quality or service life.
- Ownership Costs: Understanding factors that influence long-term costs (e.g., accessibility, environmental conditions, service interruptions).

- Net Present Value (NPV)
- Discount Rate
- Service Life
- Initial Cost
- Recurring Cost
- Cost per Square Foot/Meter
- Blast Cleaning Cost Factors
- Downtime Cost
- Asset Valuation.

Domain 3: Project Management
- Project Planning: Defining scope, schedule, budget, and resources. Creating Work Breakdown Structures (WBS).
- Scheduling: Critical Path Method (CPM), Gantt charts, understanding dependencies between surface prep, application, and inspection.
- Resource Management: Allocating labor, equipment, and materials efficiently.
- Risk Management: Identifying potential project risks (weather, material delays, safety incidents) and developing mitigation strategies.
- Contract Administration: Understanding different contract types (lump sum, time and materials, unit price), change orders, and claims resolution.
- Communication: Managing stakeholder expectations and ensuring clear communication between owner, contractor, and inspector.
- Scope Creep
- Change Order
- Request for Information (RFI)
- Delay Claim
- Liquidated Damages
- Quality Assurance (QA) vs. Quality Control (QC)
- Project Charter
- Stakeholder
- Contingency.

Domain 4: Coating Selection
- Coating Chemistry: Understanding the properties, advantages, and limitations of major coating types:
- Epoxies, Polyurethanes, Zinc-rich Primers (organic and inorganic), Alkyds, Acrylics, Vinyls, Chlorinated Rubbers, Silicones, Fluoropolymers.
- Environmental & Service Exposure: Matching coating performance to conditions (Atmospheric, Immersion, Chemical, Abrasion, Temperature).
- Compatibility: Ensuring primer, intermediate, and topcoat are chemically compatible.
- Substrate Considerations: Coatings for steel, concrete, non-ferrous metals, and previously coated surfaces.
- Regulatory and Environmental Drivers: Selecting coatings to meet VOC regulations and other environmental mandates.

- VOC Content
- Solids by Volume
- Pot Life
- Induction Time
- Recoat Window
- Cure vs. Dry
- DFT per coat
- Generic Type
- Chemical Resistance
- Abrasion Resistance
- Gloss Retention
- Galvanic Compatibility.

Domain 5: Corrosion
- Electrochemical Nature of Corrosion: Anode, Cathode, Electrolyte, Metallic Pathway.
- Types of Corrosion: Uniform, Galvanic, Pitting, Crevice, Erosion, Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC).
- Corrosion Control Methods: How coatings function as a barrier and as cathodic protection (in the case of zinc-rich primers).
- Corrosion Zones: Understanding different zones on a structure (e.g., atmospheric, splash, immersion, buried).
- Economics of Corrosion: The impact of corrosion on infrastructure and industry.

- Anodic Inhibition
- Cathodic Protection (Sacrificial Anode vs. Impressed Current)
- Mill Scale
- Differential Aeration Cell
- Passivation
- Ohm's Law (as it relates to current flow in corrosion).

Domain 6: Surface Preparation and Application
- Surface Preparation Methods:
- Abrasive Blasting (White Metal, Near-White, Commercial, Brush-off), Waterjetting (WJ-1 to WJ-5), Hand and Power Tool Cleaning (SP2, SP3, SP11).
- Standards: SSPC-SP and NACE No./ISO 8501-1 visual comparators.
- Surface Profile: Anchor pattern, measurement methods (replica tape, testex, laser profilometer).
- Application Methods: Conventional/air spray, Airless Spray, HVLP (High Volume Low Pressure), Plural Component Spray, Brush, and Roller.
- Critical Application Parameters: Pressure/Viscosity relationships (Ford Cup, Zahn Cup), fluid tip/nozzle sizing, fan patterns, transfer efficiency, ambient conditions (temperature, humidity, dew point), surface temperature.

- Solvent Entrapment
- Overspray
- Orange Peel
- Runs/Sags
- Dry Spray
- Contamination (soluble salts
- chlorides
- sulfates)
- Blast Nozzle Orifice/Throat
- CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute)
- Potentiometer (for heater settings).

Domain 7: Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE)
- Safety Regulations: OSHA standards (e.g., confined space entry, lockout/tagout, fall protection, respiratory protection).
- Hazard Communication: Safety Data Sheets (SDS), understanding chemical hazards.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Selection and use of respirators, protective suits, gloves, and eye protection.
- Environmental Protection: Containment (containment structures, critical barriers), waste disposal (filter socks, spent abrasives, waste paint), spill prevention and control.
- Atmospheric Monitoring: Use of oxygen, LEL (Lower Explosive Limit), and toxic gas monitors in confined spaces.

- Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
- Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
- Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)
- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
- HAZWOPER
- Lead/Asbestos Awareness
- Flash Point
- Fire Watch.

Domain 8: Inspection
- Inspection Instruments: Proficiency in using and calibrating:
- DFT Gauges (destructive and non-destructive), Holiday Detectors (Low & High Voltage), Surface Profile Gauges, Environmental Gauges (Dew Point Meter, Hygrometer, Thermometer), Visual Comparators.
- Timing of Inspection: Conducting inspections before, during, and after surface prep and application (pre-job conference, pre-surface prep, post-surface prep, pre-application, during application, final inspection).
- Documentation: Completing inspection reports and daily logs accurately.
- Non-Conformance: Identifying and reporting deficiencies and ensuring corrective action is taken.

- Wet Film Thickness (WFT)
- DFT
- Holiday Detection
- Calibration
- Conformance
- Non-Conformance Report (NCR)
- Inspection Checklist
- UV-A Light (for fluorescence crack detection)
- ICRI CSP Comparator.

Domain 9: Specification
- Specification Structure: Understanding the purpose of each section (scope, references, surface preparation, application, inspection, safety, etc.).
- Interpretation: Resolving conflicts or ambiguities within the specification or between the spec and referenced standards.
- Writing Specifications: Defining clear, measurable, and enforceable requirements for materials, procedures, and acceptance criteria.
- Referenced Standards: Deep knowledge of key AMPP, SSPC, NACE, ASTM, and ISO standards commonly called out in specs.
- Roles and Responsibilities: Defining the duties of the owner, contractor, and inspector as per the specification.

- Performance Specification vs. Prescriptive Specification
- Reference Standard
- Acceptance Criteria
- Notice of Intent (NOI)
- Hold Points
- Waiver
- Contractor Quality Control (CQC).

Domain 10: Failure Analysis
- Systematic Investigation Process: Site inspection, documentation, sample collection, laboratory analysis, and reporting.
- Modes of Failure: Differentiating between application failure, specification failure, design failure, and product failure.
- Laboratory Techniques: Understanding the principles of and data provided by techniques like:
- Adhesion Testing (pull-off), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Microscopy (for layer identification and DFT verification).
- Report Writing: Preparing a clear, objective, and evidence-based report that states the cause of failure and provides recommendations.

- Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
- Fishbone Diagram
- 5 Whys
- Osmotic Blistering
- Cathodic Disbondment
- Underfilm Corrosion
- Intercoat Contamination
- Improper Cure
- Chalking
- Erosion
- EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy).