HP Sales Essentials of HP

HP Elite x3 to continue to subsist on sale “through 2019” | killexams.com actual Questions and Pass4sure dumps

Responding to reports of the Elite x3‘s dying, HP says that the windows 10 cell smartphone will continue to subsist sold for as a minimum the subsequent two years.

home windows primary bought here observation:

HP is always responding to customer feedback to bring the most commandeer product experiences. They stay dedicated to their mobility system and vision and should sell the Elite x3 through 2019 while continuing to raise their portfolio delivering multi-OS gadgets, add-ons and workflow transformation options. Mobility is a thrilling and hastily evolving area, and HP will continue to discover methods to address their shoppers’ mobile computing needs.

Grapevine talk from WindowsUnited claimed that the manufacturer would can the phone on November 1, leaving the lifeless-end platform without a flagship-degree machine on sale. home windows 10 cellular has been sidetracked to a department of the latest typical windows 10 infrastructure, Redstone2. It may subsist left behind as additional versions of Redstone are constructed with the scholarship of kindly aspect-agnostic “Andromeda OS” taking over late subsequent 12 months.

HP has surrounded the Elite x3 with numerous business-grade accessories akin to screen output docks for a computer medium and desktop displays. It too has Android pills in addition to home windows tablets for sale.

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HP in danger of losing Key Witness forward of $5.1 Billion crucible | killexams.com actual Questions and Pass4sure dumps

No outcomes discovered, are trying novel keyword!HP is trying to rep Christopher Egan, Autonomy’s former head of U.S. revenue, to give proof within the 9-month trial. Egan, who admitted to wrongdoing in trade for a deferred prosecution settlement, ...

HP’s President’s Day Sale Is Now reside! retailer as much as $1591 With INSANE discounts! | killexams.com actual Questions and Pass4sure dumps

be aware: eachandevery deals are valid simplest whereas inventory lasts. this is a paid-for, subsidized set up. They accomplish not compile any fee on revenue.

HP’s President Day sale is live and presents some in fact presidential coupon codes! The sale will dwell live for the next forty eight hours so that you accommodate a all lot of time to buy any of these blockbuster deals that HP is offering in the holiday spirit. Some of these discounts are really dazzling and shave as a lot as 60% off the listing fee. which you can try eachandevery of the deals at the link given beneath (that you can click on the navigation bar on the suitable of the store web page to rob a explore at different deals as well):

that you can rob a explore at the total record of discounts by using clicking the link above after which navigating the usage of the panels which most fits your needs. This comprises “top deals”, “Laptops”, “pcs”, “company PCs”, “Printers”, “monitors” and “add-ons”. you could then style the offers via % nick charge or $ covenant and there are some basically presidential coupon codes lurking.

Navigate to the offers web page using the hyperlink above and then click any of the sections.

I took the oppurtunity to elect one of the definitely decent coupon codes and record them right here in your comfort:

here's honestly a deal thats just too decent to subsist actual (however is!). that you can rep a completely specced out laptop for only half the cost and best of eachandevery its eachandevery AMD! The specs of this laptop are as follows:

home windows 10

Ryzen 5 2500 Quad Core

AMD Radeon Vega eight snap shots

16GB RAM

256 GB NVME SSD

15.6 1366×768 HD SVA BrightView micro-side WLED-backlit contact array (upgradeable to FHD)

This laptop originally retails for $1299 but that you would subsist able to rep this for just $529 this presidents day – which is greater than half off by the way! This laptop is the flawless partner for college kids and travellers on a charge sweep who requisite a lickety-split computer that may tackle some gentle gaming as soon as in a while and eschew pretty lots everything with out compromise. The SSD will consequence positive lickety-split boot up instances and the gigantic RAM will ensure that you should subsist open to a lot of tabs without any gradual downs!

here is a beautfiul machine that may address casual gaming with the entry-degree NVIDIA MX150 GPU and the internals are nothing to sneeze at either!

Intel Core i7-8550U

windows 10 OS

17.three iinch full HD IPS WLED backlit part-to-facet glass (upgradeable to 4K)

16GB DDR4 RAM

512GB NVME SSD

NVIDIA MX 150 4GB

This computer constantly retails for $1699 but which you could rep it now for $1049! when you consider that the internals of this machine, that is an absolute purloin and can subsist an excellent funding. The 5GB MX150 can manipulate taking section in eachandevery AAA video games at medium settings at 1080p and max-out informal games. The CPU, RAM and SSD combo are fully true-notch however, and you will believe the snappyness of the 8th generation Intel processor coupled with a blazing lickety-split NVME SSD.

Omen computing device workstation 880 160se With Core i7 and GTX 1070 graphics – $400 off and rep the tower for $1400!

if you're someone that wants a pre-developed computing device for gaming and don’t wish to rep into the misfortune of constructing at this time (however accomplish requisite to leave for enhancements later down the road) then here's ultimate for you.The specs are as follows:

home windows 10 OS

Core i7 8700

NVIDIA GTX 1070

8GB RAM

1TB HDD

The Omen 880 160 SE usually retails for $1800 but you could rep it for just $1400 this presidents day.

Or are you looking for an entry degree gaming computer a dependable artery to meet eachandevery the necessities in addition to casual gaming (MOBAs and many others will not subsist an issue with this!). This desktop can accomplish eachandevery that and the specs are as follows:

home windows 10 OS

Core i5 8400

16GB RAM

1TB SSD

GTX 1050 Ti

This computing device typicall retails for $1049 but that you may rep this for a $250 discount and simply $799 this presidents day with the aid of heading over to the hyperlink above.

The HP Omen X is an exquisite screen that elements over 35 inches of curved monitor goodness coupled with NVIDIA’s hardware GSYNC. The monitor usually retails for $1250 however which you can snatch it for a fab $1150 this President’s Day. The resolution is 3440×1440 (WQHD) and has a 4ms gray to gray response time.

This machine is an absolute beast of a powerhouse and HP is providing a flat $1591 off the retail charge of $4189 so you can rep it for simply $2597!! The specs are as follows:

windows 10 seasoned

ZBook Studio x360 G5 with Intel® Core™ i7-8750H processor

NVIDIA® Quadro® P1000 (4 GB GDDR5 dedicated)

15.6″ diagonal FHD LED UWVA for HD Webcam slim Touchscreen Ambient easy Sensor (1920×1080) Upgradeable to 4K

256GB M2 NVME SSD

8GB RAM (Upgradeable to 64GB)

since the great nick charge on this, this is a purloin when you are on the marketplace for a mobile notebook that has been developed through a accommodate confidence helpful ODM devotion HP. you can rob a explore at different pc presidents day sale offers over here!

this is a laptop it's in the equal class as the one above and offers simply as tentalizing a reduction for a a microscopic subside latitude classification of product. The specs are as follows:

windows 10 professional

Intel Core i5-8300H

17.3 inch FHD reveal

NVIDIA Quadro P1000 (four GB GDDR5 dedicated)

8GB RAM (Upgradeable to 128GB)

256GB M2 NVME SSD (RAID possible)

that you could try other computing device presidents day sale deals over here!

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NVIDIA (NVDA) Q2 2018 Results - Earnings summon Transcript | killexams.com actual questions and Pass4sure dumps

No result found, try novel keyword!OEM revenue reached $251 million, reflecting sales of their cryptocurrency-specific GPUs ... on the demand for high-end real-time rendering and for more powerful mobile workstations. demand was especial...

Ecosystem Enablers For Hardware And IoT Innovators: A explore At 25+ Makerspaces And Accelerators In India | killexams.com actual questions and Pass4sure dumps

History is fundamentally a narrative of innovation, subsist it the invention of the wheel or the creation of computers. Innovation is the lifeforce of the ongoing global technological revolution. It drives economic growth and progress. In the words of Harold S. Geneen, innovation is too one of the five essential skills for entrepreneurial success. In recent times, the responsibility of promoting innovation, especially in hardware, has been shouldered to a distinguished extent by a fast-growing network of ecosystem enablers, including makerspaces and startup accelerators eachandevery across the world for IoT and hardware innovators.

For the uninitiated, makerspaces are collaborative communities inside schools, libraries and other public/private entities. Makerspaces serve as platforms for makers, hobbyists, technologists, and enthusiasts to approach together, exchange ideas and innovate. Makerspaces and accelerators too tender mentoring services to students and professionals in a variety of practical domains, including robotics, drones, 3D printing, coding and woodworking, among others.

Startup accelerators play the role of nurturer, offering advocate to early-stage, growth-driven companies. These accelerators provide ready-access to a well-connected community of experts, mentors, investors, and advisors. Startup accelerators facilitate the growth of fledgling startups through education, mentorship, and financing. Among the 60 most energetic startup accelerators in India are such names as 500 Startups, 50K Accelerator, Appy Hours, Jaarvis Accelerator, DesignGild, Intel India Maker Lab, and others.

Central to the concept of makerspaces and startup accelerators  is collaboration. This brings us to the next question. What makes collaboration among innovators so important? According to Canadian author and consultant Don Tapscott, “Collaboration is Important not just because it’s a better artery to learn. The spirit of collaboration is penetrating every institution and eachandevery of their lives. So learning to collaborate is section of equipping yourself for effectiveness, problem solving, innovation and life-long learning in an ever-changing networked economy.”

Although late to the scene, the Indian startup ecosystem is slowly opening up to the concept of makerspaces and startup accelerators for hardware and IoT innovators. To provide readers an overview of the fast-evolving segment, they at Inc42 accommodate compiled a list of the top makerspaces and hardware accelerators currently existing in the country.

The Top 21 Makerspaces In IndiaWorkbench Projects

Location: Bengaluru

Equipment Available: Laser cutter, CNC router, vinyl cutter, 3D printers, oscilloscopes, function/signal generators, power supplies, electronics prototyping tools, fully-equipped carpentry workshop, arc welding machine, filming and documentation (tripod, DSLR, lenses, recorder, mic, GoPros), basic metal working tools, air Compressor, 3D Scanner, Well Equipped Inventory for Project Requirements, Industrial Sewing machines, integrated PA system, HD projector, LPG gas and gas-based attachments for job work, basic biohacking lab.

Facilities Offered: High-speed Internet, coworking zones, meeting room, convivial space, smoking bay, innovation management, marketing solutions, capacity building, skilling, R&D consultation, captious curation, corp outsourcing, customised programs, build operate and transfer, hardware incubation, prototyping and job work, policy and advocacy, tech and startup events, strategy consulting, trainings, mentorship.

Community Strength: 80 members monthly (40 full monthly, 40 floating), 500 unique footfalls every month, 10,000 plus engaged per year, 15,000 subscribers in the email database.

Timings: 9.30 am – 8 pm (open eachandevery days)

Membership Starts At: $50/ INR 3000+ taxes per month

A Brief Overview: Founded in 2013, Workbench Projects is a coworking, prototyping and hardware innovation hub that provides state-of-the-art facilities for makers, entrepreneurs and innovators to approach together and participate ideas. It works to create a nurturing DIY culture among enthusiasts. The platform aims to become an intermediary channel for corporates, governments, startups, SMEs and MSEMs to connect and collaborate.

Project DEFY

Location: Bengaluru

Equipment Available: Garage tools, refurbished laptops, Arduino, classroom supplies.

Facilities Offered: Applied learning, community training, ‘nooks’ as apply classrooms.

Community Strength: Project countenance boasts a convivial reach of over 2,688 people.

Timings: ordinary school hours

Membership Starts At: Non-Profit Organisation

A Brief Overview: Standing for “Design Education for Yourself,” Project countenance is a non-profit organisation that works to consequence attribute education accessible to people from lower economic groups. Disillusioned with his job as an IT engineer, Abhijit Sinha decided to accomplish something for the greater good. As the founder of Project DEFY, Sinha believes that “learning happens naturally” and that “information is available freely.” Unlike the other makerspaces listed in this article, Project countenance takes an innovative, novel approach to promote applied learning. The organisation creates apply classrooms, which they summon “nooks,” with just 10 refurbished laptops, an Internet connection, a simple tool-set in a 500 to 1,000 square-feet physical space. Several of these nooks are currently situated in Bengaluru, Mangaluru, and Kaggalipura.

Maker’s Asylum

Location: Mumbai, Delhi

Equipment Available: 3D printers, Laser Engraver, Power Tools, CNC Router

Facilities Offered: Electronics lab, coworking spaces, hardware incubation

Community Strength: About 70 energetic members. Maker’s Asylum, Mumbai currently boasts more than 14,750 followers on Facebook, while the Delhi offshoot has nearly 5,000 followers.

Timings: 11 am to 9 pm

Membership Starts At: INR 2,500 for University students and INR 5,000 for adults per month.

Brief Overview: The inception of Maker’s Asylum makes for an captivating read. One afternoon in 2013, the ceiling of EyeNetra’s office in Mumbai collapsed, prompting Vaibhav Chhabra, a carpenter, to rob to convivial media in search of people with a knack for building furniture. Soon afterwards, eight DIY enthusiasts came forward to create the first Maker’s Asylum. Nearly four years later, the makerspace platform has evolved into a fast-growing community of hobbyists, hardware entrepreneurs, engineers and problem-solvers. It boasts of over 6,000 square feet of coworking space that provides easy access to tools, technology and talent.

Curiosity Gym

Location: Mumbai

Equipment Available: 3D printers, power tools and hand tools, 3D doodlers, IoT instrument kits.

Facilities Offered: Workshops, innovation hubs, product designing, prototyping, mentoring, science camps, DIY camps.

Community Strength: 650+ followers on Facebook.

Timings: 10 am to 7 pm

Membership Starts At: INR 500 per month

A Brief Overview: Curiosity Gym is a DIY-oriented makerspace platform with a focus on applied learning, tinkering, prototyping and product making. Open to technology enthusiasts of eachandevery ages, the platform offers members mentoring services to attend learn design, 3D printing and DIY. It too conducts regular workshops showcasing the latest innovations in 3D printing, IoT, drones, Robotics and programming. To facilitate learning real-life applications, Curiosity Gym offers internships to local as well as international students.

FabLab Kerala  

Location: Kochi and Trivandrum, Kerala

Equipment Available: 3D printers, CNC machine, PCB milling machine, vinyl cutters, laser cutter, electronic travail bench, hand tools, power tools.

Facilities Offered: 3D printing, CNC milling, vinyl plotting, molding and casting, laser cutting, sandblasting, electronic components testing

Community Strength: 2,330+ followers on Facebook.

Timings: 9 am to 7 pm

Membership Fees: INR 3,000 per month

Brief Overview: Backed by the Government of Kerala, Kerala Startup Mission (KSUM) has created two FabLabs, one at Startup Village (Kochi) and the other at Technopark (Trivandrum). FabLab serves as a technical prototyping platform geared towards promoting entrepreneurship, innovation, and invention. Focussed primarily on digital fabrication, FabLabs attend create a self-sustaining global scholarship sharing network by connecting learners, educators, technologists, researchers and innovators from around the country.

FabLab CEPT

Location: CEPT University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Equipment Available: Othermill, GX-24, Legend Mini 18, Shopbot Gantry, MDX-20, MDX-15, Kinect V1, Ultimaker 2, Up Plus 2

Facilities Offered: Laser engraving and cutting, CNC, PCB milling, 3D printing, vinyl cutting

Community Strength: 50 to 100 (core group). FabLab CEPT has a total of more than 4,316 followers on Facebook.

Timings: 10 am – 7 pm

Membership Starts At: INR 1,000 per month.

Brief Overview: Jointly eschew by CEPT University and The Motwani Jadeja Family Foundation, FabLab CEPT is section of MIT’s hub for Bits and Atoms-run Fab Foundation. The design-oriented makerspace is envisioned as a platform that provides entrepreneurs, thinkers, and problem-solvers access to requisite resources for invention in art, engineering, medicine, biology, agriculture, economics, trade and convivial science among others. Its point is to foster strong, mutually-dependent communities through learning, doing and sharing.

Maker’s Loft

Location: Kolkata, West Bengal

Equipment Available: 3D Printer, CNC machines, MultiCNC prototyping machine, laser cutter, knitting machine, block printing, screen printing, sewing machine, machine embroidery, hardware incubation, Styro cutter, printer and scanner, hand and power tools.

Facilities Offered: Woodworking, laser cutting, 3D printing, textiles, upcycling projects, know-how installation, robotics, virtual reality, digital fabrication.

Community Strength: On Facebook, Maker’s Loft boasts more than 2,110 followers.

Timings: 11 am – 7 pm

Membership Starts At: INR 3,000 per month

Brief Overview: Maker’s Loft functions as a makerspace dedicated to children. Aimed at promoting hands-on learning through creative activities and fun science projects, the platform strives to pique the interest of children in originate (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) fields. Maker’s Loft provides an environment that facilitates learning through self-discovery and collaboration across different age groups. It is currently supported by a fast-growing community of artists, designers, architects, engineers, hackers, students, hobbyists and professionals.

IKP-EDEN

Location: Koramangala, Bengaluru

Equipment Available: WIP: PCB milling, Electronics assembly, 4-Axis CNC, chemistry and biotech lab.

Facilities Offered: Metal-working, woodworking, injection molding, 3D printing, electronics

Community Strength: 180+ members

Timings: 24/7 open

Membership Starts At: INR 4,000

Brief Overview: IKP-Eden, as its cognomen suggests, focusses on three basic things: engineering, design and entrepreneurial network. Established in 2015, the 25,000 square-feet coworking space is modelled after US-based TechShops and FabLabs. The platform is open to makers, entrepreneurs, and hobbyists looking to start a hardware product revolution in the country. It currently conduct workshops for students (both schools and colleges) as well as professionals on a variety of topics, including IoT, Robotics, medical devices, electronic toys, industrial design and lifelike design.

Nuts and Boltz

Location: Delhi

Equipment Available: Soldering iron, etching station for PCB, multimeter, DC power supply (variable), Arduino and compatible shields, batteries and charging stations, 3D FDM printer, mini CNC-Shapeoko, woodworking tools, etc.

Facilities Offered: PCB manufacturing, 3D printing, online product marketing, additive manufacturing, Robotics and automation, woodworking.

Community Strength: The number of makers on Nuts and Boltz’s platform stands at 1,280. It too boasts a community of over 4,760 people on Facebook.

Timings:  10 am to 7 pm

Membership Starts At: INR 1,500 per month.

Brief Overview: Boasting a 1,800 square feet travail space in Delhi, Nuts and Boltz is a makerspace platform that provides programmers, enthusiasts, scientists and engineers access to latest technologies, resources and tools to handcraft the next generation of gadgets, robots, UAVs and 3D printing creations. It serves as a channel for interaction and collaboration among members. The platform currently offers hardware incubation and rapid prototyping services aimed at facilitating the evolution of future technologies in different domains, including aerospace, defense, healthcare, architecture and consumer goods.  

JMoon MakerSpace

Location: novel Delhi

Equipment Available: Soldering stations, hand-held power tools for woodworking (drill, jigsaw, dremel, grinder), 2 FDM 3D printers, laser engravers, materials for moulding/casting, and electronic products from RoboRium.com. Basically, products and tools for making projects in Robotics, home automation, Internet of Things, wearables, 3D printing and cosplay.

Facilities Offered: WiFi, books (technical books, management books, some competitive exam books, novels, comic books etc.), renting and buying of electronics (not tools), startup incubation for entrepreneurs working in Robotics, Internet of Things, wearables, Augmented/ Virtual Reality, machine learning, synthetic intelligence, blockchain, distributed Internet, or app-based solutions.

Community Strength: At any given time, the community’s strength is half a dozen to around 20. Also, on Facebook, the makerspace has a community of 1940, while on Meetup it is 990+.

Timings: Changes according to seasons and school/college vacations. Currently, 10 am to 6 pm.

Membership Starts At: INR 2,499 per month

A Brief Overview: JMoon MakerSpace is a self-sustaining community space, open for eachandevery passionate makers to access the resources of JMoon L.A.B.S. Ideated by Jasmeet Singh in April 2013, it claims to subsist Delhi’s first Makerspace and started operations in September 2014. It helps innovators collaborate with members for projects and prototypes as well as provide incubation, network and training facilities.

THE Workshop

Location: Bengaluru

Facilities Offered: Woodworking, metalworks, computational design, corporate training, electronics/ IoT work, and design thinking workshops.

A Brief Overview: THE Workshop stands for mediate blissful Everyday Workshop and was founded by Anabelle M Viegas and Craig M Dmello in January 2015. The makerspace aims to collaborate with academics from leading universities, cutting-edge industry experts, innovative thinkers, makers and doers, to develop and sustain a cross-disciplinary design community built from the ground up. Mentors from across the world will eschew a variety of workshops, research modules and host open discussions.

Collab House

Location: Hyderabad, Bengaluru

Facilities Offered: Service consulting; programmes for engagement, business, product

innovation, design and engineering.

Community Strength: 40+ local and international communities devotion Global Shapers Hyderabad, Startup Grind Hyderabad, TEDx Hyderabad, and more. Plus, a 6,000 supporting community of hackers, makers, entrepreneurs and designers.

A Brief Overview: Collab House was founded by Vineel Reddy Pindi in June 2014. The makerspace is working at the intersection of technology, innovation and community, focussing on the future of collaboration, learning and building things. It is basically a collaborative hub that supports hacker, maker, startup and creative activity.

Reserved-bit

Location: Pune

Equipment Available: Basic hand tools and power tools, soldering irons, laser printer scanner copier, projector, side-glow optical fibre, 3D printer, 3D pens, conducting threads and fabric, 96Boards DragonBoard 410c, 96Boards BLE Carbon, Arduino UNO, Arduino Lilypad, Banana Pro, BPi-R1, Grove Sensor Kit for Arduino, Intel Edison, Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, CodeBug, NodeMCU ESP8266, Adafruit Gemma, Adafruit Flora, BBC micro:bit, SEELablet, iBeacon bare boards

Facilities Offered: Wired Ethernet and WiFi Internet, Air-Conditioned open seating, Library and books, Lockers

Community Strength: 3,000+ followers on Facebook

Membership Starts At: INR 23,990 per month

A Brief Overview: With a motto of “Learn, Make, and Collaborate”, Reserved-bit is envisioned as a maker space that provides members access to cutting-edge tools, toys, computers, electronics, canvas, know-how and craft supplies, legos. The makerspace serves as a platform for like-minded people to approach together and build a convivial circle. The goal in the cease is to encourage technology enthusiasts to collaboratively design and build anything, while too learn novel skills and discover novel ideas.

Heramb MakerLab

Location: Pune

Equipment Available: 3D printer

Facilities Offered: 3D printer distribution, 3D printing service, Raspberry Pi, Arduino microcontroller.

A Brief Overview: Heramb MakerLab was founded in April 2014 with a vision to spread scholarship of the latest technology advancements to students and professionals. The company is currently dealing with 3D printer (FDM) distribution and 3D printing services. The team is too developing novel products devotion Robotic ams, intellectual lamps, DIY circuits etc.

Research Innovation Incubation Design Laboratory (RiiDL)

Location: Somaiya Vidyavihar, Mumbai

Equipment Available: Laser cutter, vinyl cutter, CNC wood router, milling machine, Avion 3D printer, Dream 3D printer, Guider 3D printer, Fromlabs2 3D printer

Facilities Offered: Incubation Space, Conference Room, Meeting Room, Cafeteria (shared facility), Office Space, Seminar Hall (shared facility)

Community Strength: 5,000+ innovators

Timings: 10 am to 7 pm

Membership Starts At: INR 5,000 per annum

A Brief Overview: Backed by Government of India’s Department of Science and Technology, RiiDL is a non-for-profit makerspace/incubator located at the Somaiya Vidyavihar campus, which comprises of 34 institutions with 39,000 students. RiiDL currently boasts a Technology trade Incubator, in addition to FabLab Supernode and Bioriidl, a DIY Biolab and Bioincubator. To boost the country’s startup ecosystem, the makerspace too offers a 2-month accelerator programme, Refine, as well as Bio Entrepreneurship Programme.

Vigyan Ashram

Location: Pune

Equipment Available: LED lighting solution, Egg incubator, Precision Agri control devices, Sanitary incinerator, traditional fabrication tools

Facilities Offered: Laser Cutting, Vinyl cutting, CNC – PCB milling, Plasma metal cutting, Electronics and micro processors, 3D printing & scanning

Timings: 9.30 am to 5.30 pm

A Brief Overview: Vigyan Ashram currently houses a Fab Lab and a DIY Lab. Members of Vigyan Ashram uses latest technologies and tools to decipher rustic problems, especially in the zone of agriculture. Its DIY Lab has workplace , fabrication tools, agricultural setup, biogas, solar systems, electronics, 3D printing. The organisation conducts regular workshops as well as a Fab Camp for school students and makers based in Pune.

Banaao

Location: Gurugram, Haryana

Equipment Available: DIY Kits

Facilities Offered: Makers playground, invention space, workshops, electronic fabrication, collaboration.

A Brief Overview: Banaao was established in October 2015 by Prem Sagar and Sumit Kathuria. It is a community-based organisation with a focus on providing a collaborative environment in order to create unimaginable things, and, in the process attain a sense of fulfilment.

E4D Banjarapalya [Mini Fab Lab]

Location: Bengaluru

A Brief Overview: Started as an experiment in 2013, the Banjarapalya Makerspace aims to create scalable, alternate, but self-sustainable schools. It is a first-of-its-kind rustic tech space, eschew completely by the local community itself, engaging people from eachandevery backgrounds and ages, in a bias-free, self-customised environment of learning. About 200 local people, aged between 7 and 55 have, at different points of time, interact with the space in learning and making. It basically makes employ of the Internet to find composed ideas/projects and then building and designing their own.

Chennai Makerspace

Location: Chennai

Equipment Available: Kossel 3D Printer, an array of microcontrollers ranging from BeagleBone Blacks to Intel Galeleo, tools for PCB fabrication, sensor tools, drills.

A Brief Overview: Chennai Makerspace was founded in July 2015 to nurse an individual’s inner childlike curiosity and zeal. It too conducts hands on workshops introducing concepts linked to IoT, image processing, Robotics, PCBs and more.

Vigyan Ashram Fab Lab

Location: Pune

Equipment Available: Laser, 3D printer, CNC milling, hardware incubation, plasma cutting, vinyl cutting, electronics, computer graphic, traditional fabrication & welding tools.

Facilities Offered: Fab Academy offers 6 months training on digital fabrication, a DIY Lab, which has a workplace, fabrication tools, agricultural setup, biogas, solar systems, electronics, 3D printing, workshop for school students and Makers from Pune.

Timings: 9.30 am – 5 pm

Membership Starts At: INR 3,000 per annum

A Brief Overview: Dr. Neil Greshenfeld, Director, hub for Bits and atoms at MIT (US), led the foundation of Vigyan Ashram Fab Lab in 2002. The makerspace aims to provide LED lighting solution, Egg incubator, Precision Agri control devices, Sanitary incinerator and more.

MakersBox

Location: Karnal, Delhi, Noida

Equipment Available: Laser etcher, 3D printing, beginners electronics and Arduino learning kit, Robotics kits, Raspberry Pi boards, Lego kits.

Facilities Offered: Access to working space with Internet, mechanical and power tools, training on the tools, priority event invites & discounts, electronic workstations, woodworking workstation, soldering workstations.

Timings: Tuesday to Sunday, 9 am to 6 pm

Membership Starts At: INR 3,999 (professionals) per month. INR 1,999 (students) per month

A Brief Overview: MakersBox Lab in Karnal was launched in April 2016 in a Public Private Partnership with the Government of Haryana. It has been positioned centrally to spur education and innovation amongst students and learners of eachandevery age groups. It is a community Makerspace, with a vision to inspire people to innovate and invent. The founders, Harpreet Kaur Sapra, Dhruv Bhutani (left in July 2016) and Harkrisha Singh (left in October 2016), initially started in October 2015 as an concept in Delhi, and were incubated at SproutBox.

Image Credit: Memento Nora

Potential Labs

Location: Hyderabad

Equipment Available: eachandevery kindly of equipment.

Facilities Offered: Online ecommerce store, three offline stores to buy project components.

A Brief Overview: It is a research lab, focussed on areas such as Android, Robotics, Arduino, embedded systems, open source dev, sustainable energy, 3D motion gestures and more. The makerspace too helps set up IoT Labs and R&D Centers in industries, MNCs, companies, engineering colleges, academic institutions and training centres. The team curates, advises and helps in selecting the right merge of IoT components based on preferences, requirements and budget.They accommodate an online ecommerce portal to buy materials such as 3D printers, DIY Kits and other project components. Also, they accommodate three offline retail stores available in different areas within Hyderabad.

IoT And Hardware Startup AcceleratorsRevvx

Launched In: 2015

Headquartered In: Bengaluru, Shenzhen and Taipei

Founded By: Avinash Kaushik, Satish Mugulavalli

Focus area(s): Internet of Things, Augmented /Virtual Reality, Robotics, drones, blockchain, wearables, connected automobiles.

Some Startup Graduates: The first startup batch consisting of five startups graduated in May 2016. The list included SeaHow, Fragging Monk, The Things Cloud and Senze. A total of 15 startups accommodate been incubated under its first two batches. In February 2017, Revvx announced to invite startups for the third batch in association with Nasscom.

A Brief Overview: The Revvx hardware accelerator programme helps startups with prototyping, mass manufacturing and distribution. Apart from Nasscom, Revxx has too partnered with a Chinese hardware company NexPCB and has collaborated with NASDAQ-listed Global Sources, a worldwide electronics sourcing trade show.

Haxx Accelerator

Launched In: 2012

Headquartered In: Shenzen, China. It announced recently that it will invest in Indian startups as well.

Founded By: Sean O’Sullivan, Cyril Ebersweiler

Focus area(s): IoT, Robotics, healthcare, infrastructure.

Some Startup Graduates: Since its launch in 2012, it has invested in over 160 startups globally. In India, the accelerator has invested in startups such as Ray IoT and Diabeto.

A Brief Overview: Hax Accelerator organises a four-month programme for around 12 early-stage hardware startups in China’s Shenzhen district and Silicon Valley. It is a global hardware startup accelerator, backed by venture capital difficult SOS Ventures, working with a $250 Mn fund. It announced to invest $100K each in 10 Indian startups working in the hardware segment in July 2016.

AUTONEBULA

Launched In: 2015

Headquartered In: Pune, Bengaluru, The USA

Founded By: Sanjay Puri

Focus area(s): LIDAR, RADAR, cyber security, synthetic Intelligence, IoT, autonomous vehicles

Some Startup Graduates: The current accelerator portfolio includes 18 startups such as Trackyo, streak Helmet, Wiper, Raksha Safedrive, near Park and more.

A Brief Overview: AUTONEBULA is catalysing the startups that bear novel applications, systems and data for the advancement of transportation worldwide. Startups are screened on the basis of their trade model, Minimum Viable Product (MVP) status, Target Addressable Market (TAM) and other metrics. The selected startups undergo a year-long programme covering areas such as product development, scaling a trade and digital marketing. Seed funding may too subsist provided once selected by AUTONEBULA.

Center of Excellence for IOT

Launched In: 2016 (Ideated in 2015)

Headquartered In: Bengaluru, Karnataka

Founded By: Ministry of Electronics & IT (DeitY) and Education and Research Network (ERNET) in association with Nasscom.

Focus area(s): Affordable healthcare, Smart Energy, IoT.

Some Startup Graduates: The current portfolio includes around 22 startups such as SeeHow.

A Brief Overview: The accelerator was launched in line with the vision of Digital India and consequence In India. It provides lab infrastructure and energetic participation from industry to the startups and is supported by the Electronic evolution Fund, which is the fund of funds and has a corpus of over INR 10,000 crore. The fund, which supports the COE, is managed by CanBank Venture Capital Fund Ltd (CVCFL). The COE aims to provide a unique facility, tackle and a status for the product startups to travail on their ideas and rob them towards completion.

GSF Global Accelerator

Launched In: 2012

Headquartered In: Gurugram, Haryana

Founded By: Rajesh Sawhney

Focus area(s): Internet, mobile

Some Startup Graduates: The portfolio mentions companies devotion microscopic Eye Labs (acquired by Facebook in 2014), SilverPush, Zapr, Overcart, HackerEarth and more.

A Brief Overview: In early 2015, GSF launched an accelerator and an early-stage fund to invest in IoT and cloud startups in collaboration with Cisco Investments. The GSF Global Accelerator is a 13-week programme wherein startups are provided access to venture and trade networks, personalised and intensive mentoring, and initial capital. It invests $30-$60K at 8-9% equity in selected startups and too does follow-on rounds of up to $500K into select startups after the programme.

Target Accelerator Program

Launched In: 2014 (Launched in India)

Headquartered In: Bengaluru, Karnataka

Founded By: A subsidiary of Minneapolis-based Dayton Department Stores.

Focus area(s): Marketing, mobile, immense data analytics, merchandising and supply chain technologies.

Some Startup Graduates: The portfolio includes startups such as Lechal, Preksh, MintM, Uncanny Vision and more.

A Brief Overview: With its four-month extensive programme, the Target accelerator aims to attend early-stage startups to develop concepts that could better Target’s trade and the broader retail industry. The final selection will subsist based on the team and its talent and, most importantly, the relevance of the concept to Target. It provides Seed funding up to $30K. Apart from this, it too has a focus on hardware and has subsequently funded and mentored startups in this domain. The American retail chain has been selecting startups germane to its trade for its accelerator program in India and its fourth batch of startups was majorly focussed on AI, AR and IoT.

Qualcomm® Design in India Challenge

Launched In: December 2015

Headquartered In: Bengaluru (Globally, it has 188 offices)

Founded By: Qualcomm®’s QDIC in collaboration with the NASSCOM

Focus area(s): Product design, development, and manufacturing of hardware and IoT startups in healthcare, education, banking, automotive as well as smart cities.

Some Startup Graduates: Some of the startup finalists of the challenge in different years included iSquare Mobility Pvt. Ltd, Avanijal Agri Automation Pvt. Ltd, Alexapath Private Limited, iBot Control Systems India Pvt. Ltd., and more.

A Brief Overview: In the first round, 10 companies are selected and given $10K, as well as incubation and access to Qualcomm’s innovation labs. Post this, in the final round, the top three startups rep a total prize money of $100K.

Conclusion

With the advent of revolutionary novel technologies devotion 3D printing, Robotics and nanotechnology, the world’s hardware sector has seen substantial growth. While the IT and software market was imperative to the growth and evolution of the Indian economy in the 1980s, hardware innovation could subsist what drives India to global dominance.

When asked about the potential of the industry, Soaib Grewal, former Venture partner at 500 Startups, told Inc42, “I truly believe that Indian startups can lead in hardware enabled-solutions (people summon this IoT but I abominate that term).  In my persuasion hardware ecosystems of the future will require three things to succeed: excellent software engineering, a scholarship of enterprise sales and customer advocate and hardware design and manufacturing expertise and infrastructure. I mediate they are pretty dependable at the first two and if they can pattern out the third component, we’re golden.”

Despite limitations in terms of inadequate manufacturing infrastructure and want of proper funding, the country’s electronics and hardware sector is expected to reach $112-$130 Bn by 2018. To bolster the growth of this industry, the government has taken several initiatives in the ultimate few years. For instance, ultimate month, NITI Aayog announced plans to build 500 Atal Tinkering Labs under the Atal Innovation Mission. Earlier in June, it was reported that the state-run mediate tank was looking to install up to 1,000 tinkering labs in schools around the country, in an attempt to rep children hooked on STEM-related subjects.

While the potential of makerspaces and accelerators as drivers of hardware and IoT innovation has already been realised in the western world, these concepts accommodate only recently made their artery into emerging digital nations devotion India. With rising technology adoption and the government support, future generations will definitely subsist tinkering with innovation and creativity. For the hardware industry to thrive and scale, a robust network of ecosystem enablers, including makerspaces and startup accelerators, will likely subsist needful for this to occur. After all, it is called ‘Make In India’ for a reason, to consequence and create in India, for the world.

InnoNation (earlier Innofest), which is an iSPIRT initiative, has announced the third edition of its annual showcase to subsist held in Bengaluru. The two-day event is focussed towards bringing the best experts, innovators, and makers under one roof to inspire the next generation of innovators building IoT, Robotics and other related hardware startups. Interested IoT and hardware innovators interested in participating for InnoNation by iSPIRT can apply here! And for attending the event, click here.

[Written by Meha Agarwal and Sukanya Mukherjee with the attend of Abhijeet Khandagale.]

PS: Do not worry if they haven’t included your accelerators or makerspaces in the list. Just send in your details in the comments below and the list will withhold growing. stay tuned for more in the series!

Go Downstream: The novel Profit Imperative in Manufacturing | killexams.com actual questions and Pass4sure dumps

The 1990s accommodate been a distinguished time to subsist in business—unless, that is, you occur to subsist a manufacturer. Despite the long economic expansion—and despite their own rigorous focus on improving productivity and quality—most great manufacturers accommodate struggled during the past decade. Titans with household names devotion Whirlpool, Texas Instruments, Polaroid, and Bausch & Lomb accommodate achieved little, if any, profit growth. And they accommodate plenty of company. Stock valuations throughout the manufacturing sector accommodate been dormant, while the markets in universal accommodate soared. Only one in eight of the 1,000 largest manufacturers has outperformed the S&P 500 since 1988, and fully one-third accommodate seen the value of their stocks decline.

But if most manufacturers accommodate floundered, a few accommodate prospered, posting well growth in revenues, profits, and shareholder value. The thriving companies are a diverse lot, ranging from Honeywell and universal Electric to Nokia and Coca-Cola, but they’ve eachandevery taken a similar route to success: they’ve gone downstream, toward the customer. While they’ve built on their core manufacturing capabilities, they’ve moved beyond the factory gate to tap into the valuable economic activity that occurs throughout the entire product life cycle.

Smart manufacturers are affecting downstream for a very simple reason: that’s where the money is. Manufacturers’ traditional value-chain role—producing and selling goods—has become less and less attractive as demand for products has stagnated throughout the economy. U.S. economic growth has slowed dramatically over the past 30 years, from an uninterested annual rate of 4.1% in the 1960s to 2.6% in the first nine years of the 1990s. The drop has been even steeper in many manufacturing sectors. The annual growth in sales of industrial machinery, for example, declined from 5.2% to 2.0% over this period.

At the same time, the installed groundwork of products has been expanding steadily in many industries, thanks to the accumulation of past purchases and to longer product life spans. In many industries, the number of units in the installed groundwork is an order of magnitude greater than the number sold annually. The number of U.S. automobiles in service, for example, has grown from 60 million in 1950 to 200 million today, while recent sales accommodate been essentially flat at 15 million vehicles a year. That has created an installed-base-to-new-unit ratio of 13 to 1. This pattern is repeated across many other sectors, including locomotives (a ratio of 22 to 1), civil aircraft (150 to 1), and tractors (30 to 1).

The combination of stagnant product demand and an expanding installed groundwork has pushed economic value downstream, away from manufacturing and toward providing services required to operate and maintain products. We’re eachandevery confidential with the immense picture: since 1960, services’ participate of the U.S. Gross domestic product has grown by 16 percentage points, to 40%, while manufacturing’s participate has declined by ten percentage points, to just 17%. Less publicized are the similar shifts that are transforming individual product markets. In many manufacturing sectors, revenues from downstream activities now limn ten to 30 times the annual dollar volume of the underlying product sales.

Weak product demand and the growing installed groundwork accommodate pushed value downstream from manufacturing.

In corporate computing, for example, the uninterested company spends only about one-fifth of its annual personal-computer budget on purchasing the boxes themselves; the leisure goes to technical support, administration, and other maintenance activities. In the rail industry, the major railroads now expend $28 billion a year maintaining and operating their locomotives and related infrastructure, but they purchase less than $1.4 billion worth of novel locomotives. The uninterested household spends more than $6,000 per year on auto-related expenses, but only about 20% goes to the purchase of a novel car; the leisure covers ancillary expenses such as gas, insurance, repairs, and financing. (See the exhibit “Where the Money Is.”)

Where the Money Is Source: GartnerGroup, Association of American Railroads, Federal Highway Administration Office of Highway Information Management. Railroad expenditures are for Class 1 railroads.

Downstream markets tender Important benefits besides great novel sources of revenue. They attend to accommodate higher margins and to require fewer assets than product manufacturing. And because they attend to provide steady service-revenue streams, they’re often countercyclical. Clearly, in manufacturing today, the actual money lies downstream, not in the production function.

Rethinking Manufacturing Strategy

Because manufacturers accommodate an intimate scholarship of their products and markets, they are well positioned to carry out many downstream activities, from providing financing and maintenance to supplying spare parts and consumables. Exploiting the downstream opportunities, though, requires a novel artery of thinking about strategy.

Ever since the birth of the modern industrial corporation in the 1920s, manufacturing strategy has been built on three foundations: the perpendicular integration of supply and production activities to control the cost and maintain the predictability of raw materials and other inputs; disciplined research to create superior products; and a predominant market position to provide economies of scale. With these in place, manufacturers could subsist assured of a durable cost advantage, steady revenue growth, and substantial scale barriers to competition. The customary reward was double-digit margins and returns on capital.

But those foundations aren’t much attend to organizations seeking downstream, service-based advantages. To capture value downstream, manufacturers requisite to expand their definition of the value chain, shift their focus from operational excellence to customer allegiance, and rethink the import of perpendicular integration.

Redefining the Value Chain.

Manufacturers attend to view downstream services as a necessary evil—something to give customers in order to clinch a sale. Automakers, for example, tender free maintenance and subsidized leases to sell cars. But to pursue downstream opportunities, manufacturers requisite to shift their perspective a full 180 degrees, viewing the product sale as a artery to open the door for the provision of future services.

The manufacturer has to explore at the value chain through the customer’s eyes, examining eachandevery the activities the customer performs in using and maintaining a product throughout its life cycle, from sale to disposal. While some manufacturers already provide financing and replacement parts, the downstream opportunities are usually much broader. consider the aircraft market. The traditional manufacturer’s view of the value chain is relatively compact: assembling the plane, selling and delivering it, supplying spare parts and upgrades. From the customer’s perspective, however, the downstream chain is much more complex. It includes financing and leasing, maintenance, scheduling and capacity planning, catering and servicing, parts-depot operations, and refurbishment and resale, not to mention flying the plane.

Boeing has broadened its view of the value chain and now offers financing, local parts supply, ground maintenance, logistics management, and pilot training. Even as it struggles with slack demand and production glitches in its commercial-aircraft business, it is building a thriving services trade that exploits its predominant participate of the airplane installed base.

Redefining the value chain too means redefining the artery profit is measured. Product margin can no longer subsist the primary yardstick. After all, a product’s profitability does not determine the profitability of the services associated with maintaining and operating it. Hewlett-Packard’s printer business, for example, faces intense charge competition and as a result has slender margins. From a traditional product perspective, it is not very lucrative. Yet each printer that HP sells provides the company with the opportunity to supply a stream of ink cartridges at very well margins. HP could probably give its printers away to build its installed groundwork and soundless approach out ahead in profitability.

Giving printers away may sound far-fetched, but it’s the rational extension of a trade model based on an installed-base annuity stream. It’s how the cellular-phone and cable-television markets are already structured in the United States, and it’s how the home personal-computer market may soon operate. With PC prices falling and Internet employ booming, manufacturers are realizing that they can consequence more from Internet-access fees than from computer sales alone. Gateway 2000 and other major vendors accommodate begun offering consumers a personal computer, financing, technical support, and Internet access for a single monthly fee, turning a low-margin product sale into a lucrative annuity stream. Other companies are experimenting with giving away computers in recrudesce for long-term Internet-service contracts.

Building Customer Allegiance.

In the faded world of manufacturing, superior products and superior scale provided barriers to competition. Today they rarely do. In many industries, including chemicals, vehicles, computer workstations, and commercial aircraft, the technical and performance differences among the products of major manufacturers are often minute and easily bridged. It’s hard, if not impossible, to maintain a price-performance lead. Scale, meanwhile, has become easy to replicate or circumvent. The explosion of venture funding now provides start-ups with access to great amounts of capital. And the emergence of outsourcing and virtual businesses means that capital-intensive assets can subsist acquired through alliances or contracts. Rather than functioning as sources of competitive advantage, great asset bases increasingly tie a manufacturer to obsolete strategies, allowing innovative competitors to swarm in.

In the novel world of manufacturing, the sturdiest barrier to competition is customer allegiance. The goal is not necessarily to gain the largest participate of customers but to gain the strongest relationships with the most profitable customers. By earning their loyalty, a manufacturer can become their preferred supplier of services throughout the product life span.

Delivering a distinguished product is not enough to gain a customer’s allegiance. You accommodate to deliver a combination of services that minimizes the overall costs associated with owning and using the product. Xerox has approach to understand this. The company is succeeding in selling great copier systems by emphasizing how the copier and associated Xerox services will reduce expenses for labor, archiving, and retrieval, thereby lowering customers’ document-management costs. In the process, Xerox is building stronger, more proprietary relationships with its customers.

Rethinking perpendicular Integration.

As value has shifted toward the customer, distribution—once the backwater of strategy—has become the mainstream. It is where much of the profit in many industries can now subsist found. But distribution lies outside manufacturers’ traditional concept of perpendicular integration as a dash upstream into the sources of supply.

Moving downstream into distribution channels therefore brings a all novel set of challenges. In many industries, the battle for control over distribution is intense. Powerful channel consolidators with national scale, sophisticated operating systems, and a stout want to control the customer are replacing local mom-and-pop operators. The most visible manifestation of this trend has been the ascendance of retail superstore chains devotion Home Depot, Circuit City, and Wal-Mart. Their vast scale and purchasing leverage accommodate allowed them to tender broader product selections, lower prices, and better customer service than traditional stores while generating higher margins.

Although generally dependable for consumers, these great chains accommodate siphoned profits from manufacturers. They’ve drawn consumer loyalty away from the manufacturer and toward the store and its house brands, they’ve levied premiums for shelf space, they’ve exerted pressure to reduce prices, and they’ve replaced manufacturers’ financing and service businesses with their own.

Look at what’s happened to Whirlpool. Once a predominant player in the appliance value chain, the company today sells one-quarter of its U.S. appliance volume through Sears, most often under Sears’s Kenmore brand. Sears has placed intense pressure on Whirlpool to reduce costs and prices and has threatened to switch its purchases to other manufacturers. While Whirlpool once earned considerable profits by offering consumer credit and maintenance contracts for its appliances, these profit-rich activities are now provided by Sears and other retail chains. In fact, they account for a great participate of the chains’ operating income.

This power shift is not confined to retailing. The consolidation of wholesalers and the evolution of “super channels” are under artery in pharmaceuticals, office supplies, food, and auto parts. In the computer business, a few great resellers, including Ingram Micro and Tech Data, now control the distribution of 90% of the personal computers sold by IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and Compaq. With that channel control comes immense power over the customer and the entire value chain. These resellers are now competing head-on with the manufacturers by offering their own cheap clones and establishing their own PC brand names. If the manufacturers attempt to bypass them and sell directly to consumers, the resellers can respond by cutting off the manufacturers’ access to a great symmetry of buyers.

New channels, from value-added reselling to telemarketing, accommodate too emerged to intimidate manufacturers. The biggest is the Internet, where dozens of novel companies devotion Amazon.com, Autobytel.com, and eBay are becoming electronic intermediaries with powerful advantages: low start-up costs, an ability to provide ample information tailored to individual customers, and the means to allow buyers to customize the shopping experience. By altering the economics of distribution, making comparison shopping easier, and shifting customer allegiance to the intermediary, the Internet puts novel pressure on manufacturers and their traditional channels.

Because manufacturers know their products and markets intimately, they are well positioned to exploit many downstream opportunities.

The upshot is clear: successful manufacturers will increasingly subsist characterized by a hands-on involvement with distribution, a focus on identifying and exploiting novel channels, and a willingness to risk channel combat in the pursuit of competitive advantage. Ford, for example, has recently shaken up the traditional automobile-distribution model by acquiring control of its dealerships in several regional markets. It has too revamped and rebranded retail operations, acquired a leading European auto-parts and service chain, and experimented with superstores and other formats. Ford aims to better the profitability of dealerships and build stronger ties with car buyers across the vehicle life span. Manufacturers that ignore the opportunities for forward integration will descry their profits continue to wither, as more and more value flows downstream into distribution channels.

Four Downstream trade Models

So what’s the best artery to retrograde downstream? We’ve establish that successful downstream trade models attend to rob one of four basic forms. (See the exhibit “The Spectrum of Downstream Moves.”)

The Spectrum of Downstream Moves

Embedded Services.

New digital technologies often allow traditional downstream services to be, in effect, built into a product. By freeing the customer of the requisite to effect those services, the newly configured “smart” product can reclaim considerable labor costs, which the customer is usually willing to participate with the manufacturer.

Honeywell had traditionally sold discrete navigation, air-data, and collision-avoidance systems for commercial aircraft. As this market became increasingly competitive, the company looked downstream for novel opportunities to multiply its revenues and profits. Recognizing that the purchase cost of an airplane represents just a fraction of the overall expense associated with operating it, Honeywell developed a novel product, the Airplane Information Management System (AIMS), which ties airplane systems together with microprocessors and software. AIMS performs a variety of tasks that used to subsist done manually, enabling airlines to reduce labor costs, accelerate aircraft turnaround time, and better overall efficiency. By automating the in-flight monitoring of engine and systems performance, for example, AIMS reduces the requisite for expensive flight engineers. By performing sophisticated diagnostic tests throughout the airplane, the system decreases the number of fallacious alarms and speeds up troubleshooting, minimizing airplane downtime and maintenance costs.

The successful manufacturer will accommodate a hands-on involvement with distribution and a willingness to risk channel combat in the pursuit of advantage.

Because of the value AIMS adds to airline operations, Honeywell has been able to charge a premium for it, and the company has become a preferred supplier for many related components. In addition, because Honeywell was the first to tender an integrated system, the company established the de facto yardstick for flight-management architecture. That has given Honeywell eachandevery the benefits of the network effect. While AIMS was originally deployed in Boeing aircraft, other airplane manufacturers, such as Airbus and Lockheed, are now adopting the system. By controlling the yardstick for flight management, Honeywell has gained an Important link with airlines and has wrested valuable customer allegiance from Boeing and the other plane builders.

Comprehensive Services.

There are many downstream services, of course, that can’t subsist built into products. But that doesn’t base they’re out of the reach of product manufacturers. Several companies accommodate used their positions as product suppliers to launch suites of services for customers.

GE’s resurgence under Jack Welch is often explained as the result of the company’s manufacturing skills. Just as important, however, is the comprehensive-services trade model pursued by the conglomerate’s financing arm, GE Capital, often in tandem with GE’s product businesses. In the locomotive market, for instance, GE Locomotive and GE Capital manipulate many aspects of locomotive ownership and operation besides the provision of parts and financing. They finance a sweep of other rail assets, including boxcars, intermodal containers, and maintenance vehicles. They manage a variety of outsourced operations, such as running locomotive-maintenance facilities, providing boxcar-scheduling and routing services, and managing maintenance-vehicle fleets. They too refurbish and resell boxcars and locomotives. GE Locomotive has even teamed with Harris Corporation to better railroads’ track utilization by pinpointing trains with advanced tracking systems.

Through its relentless focus on the customer’s activities, GE has captured a moneyed source of sales and profits. At the same time, it has gained insight into the customer’s needs, which enables it to further refine products and services. And by ensconcing itself in many aspects of the customer’s business, it creates stout bonds that promote future product sales. Over the past 15 years, GE Capital has grown from a minute financing operation supporting the product businesses to become the profit engine at the heart of the company, generating 41% of earnings.

Integrated Solutions.

A third efficacious trade model is to combine products and services into a seamless offering that addresses a pressing customer need. The Finnish company Nokia has used this model to distinguished effect. For many years, Nokia was a second-tier player in cellular equipment, a market that suffers, devotion many technology-driven markets, from short product cycles, decrepit product differentiation, and rapid charge erosion. Recently, though, Nokia has emerged as the leading player, displacing the once-dominant Motorola, and has been able to generate well profits.

Nokia has succeeded by looking beyond its traditional products and addressing eachandevery the tackle and service needs of the cellular carriers that are its customers. It saw, back in the mid-1990s, that carriers were facing three novel challenges. First, cellular’s analog technology was being replaced by digital technology, which the carriers had microscopic expertise in. Second, the carriers were struggling to expand their networks quickly enough to meet the rapid growth in demand. Third, the numerous smaller carriers born in the wake of the U.S. government’s 1995 spectrum auctions needed much more advocate than the phone companies that had long dominated the cellular business.

Nokia responded by creating a comprehensive array of products, including handsets, transmission equipment, and switches, that could subsist easily deployed by carriers. Along with the products, it provided a sweep of services. It helped the carriers artery and manage their networks, meet zoning requirements for the construction of novel transmission towers, and provide maintenance and technical advocate to customers. By purchasing this single set of products and services, the carriers could reclaim considerable time and expense.

Nokia’s integrated-solution trade model has enabled it to create tremendous customer allegiance, capture a great participate of customers’ high-margin network-infrastructure spending, and win recurring service and upgrade revenues. While mobile-phone handsets limn Nokia’s largest participate of sales, its highest margins and profits approach from the associated network-development services. The company now has a net margin roughly four times that of Motorola (12% versus 3% for the years 1996–1998), and its market value has grown from $1 billion in 1990 to $65 billion today, far surpassing the performance of other cellular-equipment providers.

Distribution Control.

Whereas the first three trade models focus on providing novel services or products to customers, the fourth is very different. It entails entering the customers’ business—moving forward in the value chain to gain control over lucrative distribution activities.

That’s the course Coca-Cola has taken. Although Coke has been a brand icon for much of this century, the company’s sharpest multiply in shareholder value occurred during the past decade, after it moved downstream to consolidate its independent bottlers into the largest, most tightly integrated distribution network in the beverage industry. Today, Coke controls 70% of its U.S. bottling and distribution, and it is aggressively expanding its control overseas.

Coke set up its independent-bottler network shortly after the gyrate of the century, determining the borders of each territory by the distance a horse-drawn wagon could travel in a day. For decades, the network provided Coke with an efficient artery to expand its presence. But by the 1970s, technological changes were rendering the network obsolete. novel plastic and aluminum packaging offered the promise of much more efficient manufacturing and distribution, but individual bottlers lacked the production volume and capital required to switch over their production lines. Aggressive regional bottlers had begun acquiring and consolidating their neighbors, threatening to upset the influence that Coke enjoyed over its distribution channel. When in 1986 two of the largest Coke bottlers announced their goal to merge, creating a company that would control one-third of Coke’s U.S. distribution, Coke sprang into action.

It bought controlling positions in the majority of its independent bottlers and amalgamated many of them into a separate, Coke-controlled entity called Coca-Cola Enterprises. It then moved quickly to rationalize bottling plants and distribution networks and invest in plant upgrades. Channel control enabled Coke to grab shelf space and halt charge erosion in the high-volume, low-profit supermarket segment through regional coordination of deliveries and services, consistent pricing, and nationwide account management.

At the same time, Coke was able to extend its dominance of the profitable but fragmented vending-machine market, where prices are often two to four times higher than in supermarkets. Through Coca-Cola Enterprises, Coke provided the capital required to buy and stock vending machines and convenience-store coolers and to build a highly efficient, coordinated distribution system to attack this market. Because Coca-Cola Enterprises could now operate much more efficiently, Coke was able to raise its syrup prices, gaining higher profits on its core product.

Coke’s channel initiative helped the company multiply shareholder value during a time of slowing growth in soft-drink consumption. While Coke faces many challenges, its success in gaining control over distribution remains a effulgent spot for the company.

Should You retrograde Downstream?

A downstream dash makes sense in many cases today, but not in every case. To assess the attractiveness of such a move, you first requisite to assess the attractiveness of the downstream market itself. (See the exhibit “How to Scope Out a Downstream Opportunity.”) In particular, you should explore at such indicators as the ratio of installed units to annual new-unit sales, the customer’s usage costs over the product life cycle relative to the product’s price, and the profitability of downstream activities relative to product margins. Taken together, these measures will provide a sense of the size of the downstream profit opportunity. As we’ve seen, the numbers in many sectors, from locomotives to PCs, are enticing. But if you explore at, say, the video-cassette recorder business, you rep a very different picture. The VCR market has a low installed-base-to-new-unit ratio, and the costs associated with VCR ownership and usage are paltry; a VCR manufacturer probably wouldn’t want to consequence a immense investment in supplying services to customers.

You too requisite to examine your own competitive position. If your ability to differentiate your products is declining, or if your customers are gaining power through consolidation, a downstream dash may subsist a necessity, providing the only artery to eschew a profit squeeze in your core manufacturing business.

If the market seems attractive, the question then becomes: how much actual influence can you exert over customers and their transactions? The retort hinges largely on the structure of the distribution channels in your industry. Companies such as Dell that already sell directly to cease users are obviously in the best position to offshoot into downstream services. They accommodate relationships with their customers and they don’t accommodate to worry about conflicts with other channels. Companies that sell exclusively through a captive set of distributors—distributors that sell only one product line—will, on the other hand, likely countenance conflicts if they dash downstream. An approach worth considering in these cases is to “buy the channel,” as Coke and Ford did when they acquired controlling stakes in their distribution channels.

Companies that sell their products through a fragmented network of third-party distributors, such as IBM’s value-added resellers and John Deere’s dealers, too countenance difficult challenges, as accomplish companies that employ many different channels. But such companies can often travail in partnership with their distributors to capitalize on downstream opportunities. If, finally, the industry’s channel is controlled by big, consolidated distributors—the Wal-Marts of the world—a downstream dash will subsist tough to haul off. Because any one manufacturer’s products limn a minute fraction of the distributor’s merge of goods, the manufacturer has microscopic influence over the customer’s buying decisions. The only option may subsist to bypass the distributor via the Internet or some other novel channel.

Even if the prospects are bright, actually making a dash downstream will not subsist easy. In addition to shifting your strategic perspective, you may well accommodate to acquire novel skills and novel people. Coke had to learn how to eschew a distribution business. Honeywell and Nokia had to rep novel skills in software evolution and customer analysis. GE had to learn how to manage relationships with customers’ most senior executives. You’ll too accommodate to devise novel ways to measure your performance. The faded metrics—market share, cycle time, and attribute levels—tend to focus solely on the product. Managing downstream businesses requires looking at novel variables such as profit per installed unit, participate of customer’s total downstream-activity spending, and total customer recrudesce over the product life cycle.

However difficult the transition, manufacturers can’t afford to ignore the opportunities that fib downstream. If they do, the next decade will subsist even bleaker than the last.

A version of this article appeared in the September–October 1999 issue of Harvard trade Review.

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